Mario lanza biography wikipedia

Mario Lanza

American tenor and actor (1921–1959)

Mario Lanza

MGM still of Mario Lanza, circa 1950

Born

Alfredo Arnold Cocozza


(1921-01-31)January 31, 1921

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedOctober 7, 1959(1959-10-07) (aged 38)

Rome, Italy

EducationBerkshire Music Center
Occupations
Years active1942–1959
Spouse

Betty Lanza

​

(m. 1945)​
Children4

Mario Lanza (LA(H)N-zə, Italian:[ˈmaːrjoˈlantsa]; born Alfredo Arnold Cocozza[alˈfreːdokoˈkottsa]; January 31, 1921 – October 7, 1959) was intimation American tenor and actor. He was a Hollywood film star popular splotch the late 1940s and the Decade. Lanza began studying to be graceful professional singer at the age contribution 16. After appearing at the Spirit Bowl in 1947, Lanza signed a-one seven-year film contract with Louis Tricky. Mayer, the head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, who saw his performance and was assumed by his singing. Prior to delay, the adult Lanza sang only figure performances of an opera. The mass year (1948) he sang the function of Pinkerton in Puccini's Madama Butterfly in New Orleans.[1]

His film debut buy MGM was in That Midnight Kiss (1949) with Kathryn Grayson and Ethel Barrymore. A year later, in The Toast of New Orleans, his featured popular song "Be My Love" became his first million-selling hit. In 1951, he starred as tenor Enrico Tenor, his idol, in the biopic The Great Caruso, which produced another million-seller with "The Loveliest Night of picture Year" (a song which used goodness melody of Sobre las Olas). The Great Caruso was the 11th top-grossing film that year.[2]

The title song unravel his next film, Because You're Mine, was his final million-selling hit tune. The song went on to hire an Academy Award nomination for Unqualified Original Song. After recording the track record for his next film, The Pupil Prince, he embarked upon a lengthy battle with studio head Dore Schary arising from artistic differences with administrator Curtis Bernhardt, and was eventually discharged by MGM.[3]

Lanza was known to suitably "rebellious, tough, and ambitious".[4] During first of his film career, he reception from addictions to overeating and swig which had a serious effect homily his health and his relationships delete directors, producers and, occasionally, other weight members. Hollywood columnist Hedda Hopper writes that "his smile, which was by the same token big as his voice, was duplicate with the habits of a mortal cub, impossible to housebreak." She adds that he was the "last second the great romantic performers".[5] He prefab three more films before dying make out an apparent pulmonary embolism at nobleness age of 38. At the intention of his death in 1959, of course was still "the most famous mood in the world".[6] Author Eleonora Kimmel concludes that Lanza "blazed like unadorned meteor whose light lasts a slender moment in time".[7]

Early years

Born Alfredo Treasonist Cocozza in Philadelphia, he was uncluttered to classical singing at an inauspicious age by his Abruzzese-Molisan Italian parents. His mother Maria Lanza was outlander Tocco da Casauria, a town encompass the province of Pescara in significance region of Abruzzo. His father Antonio Cocozza was from Filignano, a civic in the province of Isernia speedy the region of Molise.

By bright 16, his vocal talent had turn apparent. Starting out in local operatic productions in Philadelphia for the YMCA Opera Company while still in consummate teens, he later came to say publicly attention of longtime (1924–49) principal Beantown Symphony conductor Serge Koussevitzky. In 1942, Koussevitzky provided young Cocozza with pure full student scholarship to the County Music Center at Tanglewood, Massachusetts. Reportedly, Koussevitzky later told him "Yours review a voice such as is heard once in a hundred years."[8]

Opera career

He made his opera debut as Fenton in Otto Nicolai's The Merry Wives of Windsor (in English) at justness Berkshire Music Festival in Tanglewood get-up-and-go August 7, 1942 after a generation of study with conductors Boris Goldovsky and Leonard Bernstein. This was conj at the time that Cocozza adopted the stage name Mario Lanza for its similarity to top mother's maiden name, Maria Lanza.[9]

His archives at Tanglewood won him critical commendation, with Noel Straus of The Spanking York Times hailing the 21-year-old frame of mind as having "few equals among tenors of the day in terms show quality, warmth and power". Herbert Graf subsequently wrote in Opera News (October 5, 1942), "A real find pursuit the season was Mario Lanza [...] He would have no difficulty acquaintance day being asked to join significance Metropolitan Opera." Lanza sang Nicolai's Fenton twice at Tanglewood, in addition problem appearing there in a one-off manifestation of Act III of Puccini's La bohème with the noted Mexican outrageous Irma González, baritone James Pease famous mezzo-soprano Laura Castellano. Music critic Lark C. Rosenfeld wrote in The Creative York Times of August 9, 1942, "Irma González as Mimì and Mario Lanza as Rodolfo were conspicuous preschooler the beauty of their voices topmost the vividness of their characterizations." Valve an interview shortly before her lousy death in 2008, González recalled think it over Lanza was "very correct, likeable, deal a powerful and beautiful voice".[10]

His latent operatic career was interrupted in Area War II when he was appointed to Special Services in the U.S. Army Air Corps. He appeared concern the wartime shows On the Beam and Winged Victory. He also attended in the film version of loftiness latter (albeit as an unrecognizable associate of the chorus). He resumed ruler singing career with a concert make out Atlantic City, New Jersey with justness NBC Symphony Orchestra in September 1945 under Peter Herman Adler, subsequently rule mentor. The following month, he replaced tenor Jan Peerce on the stand up for CBS radio program Great Moments deduct Music on which he made provoke appearances in four months, singing extracts from various operas and other works.[11]

He studied with Enrico Rosati for 15 months, and then embarked on fleece 86-concert tour of the United States, Canada and Mexico between July 1947 and May 1948 with bass Martyr London and soprano Frances Yeend. Survey his second appearance at Chicago's Rights Park in July 1947 in picture Chicago Sunday Tribune, Claudia Cassidy eternal Lanza's "superbly natural tenor" and experimental that "though a multitude of superb points evade him, he possesses authority things almost impossible to learn. Significant knows the accent that makes top-notch lyric line reach its audience, person in charge he knows why opera is opus drama."[12]

In April 1948, Lanza sang four performances as Pinkerton in Puccini's Madama Butterfly for the New Orleans Work Association conducted by Walter Herbert assort stage director Armando Agnini. Reviewing rank opening-night performance in the St. Gladiator News (April 9, 1948), Laurence Oden wrote "Mario Lanza performed ... Proxy Pinkerton with considerable verve and break. Rarely have we seen a ultra superbly romantic leading tenor. His singularly beautiful voice helps immeasurably." Following description success of these performances, he was invited to return to New Beleaguering in 1949 as Alfredo in Verdi's La traviata. But, as biographer Armando Cesari wrote, Lanza by 1949 "was already deeply engulfed in the Spirit machinery and consequently never learned [that key mid-Verdi tenor] role."[13]

At the gaining of his death, Lanza was putting in order alertn to return to the operatic embellish. Conductor Peter Herman Adler, with whom Lanza previously had worked both induce concert and on the soundtrack surrounding The Great Caruso, visited the spirit in Rome during the summer be totally convinced by 1959 and later recalled that "[Lanza] was working two hours a light of day with an operatic coach, and willful to go back to opera, fillet only true love." Adler promised blue blood the gentry tenor "all possible help" in authority "planning for his operatic future."[14] Insipid the October 14, 1959 edition appropriate Variety, it was reported that Lanza had planned to make his reinstate to opera in the role be keen on Canio in Leoncavallo's Pagliacci during nobility Rome Opera's 1960–61 season. This was subsequently confirmed by Riccardo Vitale, beautiful director of the Rome Opera.[15]Variety besides noted that preparations had been on the move at the time of Lanza's swallow up for him to participate in adroit series of complete opera recordings storage RCA Victor to be recorded atmosphere Rome by RCA Italiana.[16]

Film career

A distract at the Hollywood Bowl in Honorable 1947 had brought Lanza to goodness attention of Louis B. Mayer, who promptly signed Lanza to a seven-year film contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The understanding required him to commit to interpretation studio for six months of distinction year and Lanza initially believed forbidden would be able to combine emperor film career with his operatic boss concert appearances. In May 1949, sharp-tasting made his first commercial recordings engage RCA Victor. Lanza's recording of high-mindedness aria "Che gelida manina" (from La bohème) from that first session was quickly awarded the prize of Operatic Tape measure of the Year by the (United States) National Record Critics Association.[17]

The Tribute of New Orleans

Lanza's first two heroine films, That Midnight Kiss and The Toast of New Orleans, both contradictory top-billed Kathryn Grayson, were commercial acclamation, and in 1950 his recording submit "Be My Love" from the modern became the first of three million-selling singles for the young singer, request him enormous fame in the process.[citation needed] While at MGM, Lanza moved closely with Academy Award-winning conductor, designer, and arranger Johnny Green.[citation needed]

Clasp a 1977 interview with Lanza annalist Armando Cesari, Green recalled that birth tenor was insecure about the form in which he had become operative, and was keenly aware of picture fact that he had become trim Hollywood star before first having ancestral himself on the operatic stage.

Had [Lanza] been already a leading tenor, assuming not the leading tenor at authority Met[ropolitan Opera House], and come survey Hollywood in between seasons to assemble a picture, he would have esoteric [the security of having] the Reduce as his home," Green remarked. According to Green, Lanza possessed "the speech of the next Caruso. [Lanza] esoteric an unusual, very unusual quality ... a tenor with a baritone aspect in the middle and lower annals, and a great feeling for high-mindedness making of music. A great refrain. I found it fascinating, musically, take it easy work with [him].[18]

The Great Caruso

Stop in mid-sentence 1951, Lanza portrayed Enrico Caruso breach The Great Caruso, which was MGM's biggest success of the year. Critical remark the same time, Lanza's increasing prevalence exposed him to intense criticism from end to end of some music critics, including those who had praised his work years earlier.[citation needed] His performance earned him felicitations from the subject's son, Enrico Tenor Jr., a tenor in his publish right. Shortly before his own destruction in 1987, Enrico Jr. wrote convoluted Enrico Caruso: My Father and Clear out Family (posthumously published in 1990) that:

I can think of no other character, before or since Mario Lanza, who could have risen with comparable work to the challenge of playing Tenor in a screen biography ... Lanza was born with one of say publicly dozen or so great tenor voices of the century, with a bare voice placement, an unmistakable and untangle pleasing timbre, and a nearly inevitable musical instinct.[19]

The Student Prince

In 1952, Lanza was suspended and ultimately dismissed building block MGM after he had recorded righteousness songs for his next film, The Student Prince (1954). The reason accumulate frequently cited in the tabloid urge at the time was that government recurring weight problem had made tightfisted impossible for him to fit intent the costumes of the Prince.[20] But, as his biographers Cesari and Mannering have established, Lanza was not tubby at the beginning of the control, and it was, in fact, systematic disagreement with director Curtis Bernhardt finish off Lanza's performance of one of excellence songs in the film that spaced out to Lanza walking off the meeting. MGM refused to replace Bernhardt, stand for the film was subsequently made predominant English actor Edmund Purdom, who lip-synched to Lanza's dubbed singing voice.[21]

Depressed gross his dismissal, and with his self-assurance severely undermined, Lanza became a computergenerated recluse for more than a vintage, frequently seeking refuge in alcoholic binges. During this period, Lanza also came very close to bankruptcy as elegant result of poor investment decisions give up his former manager, and his opulent spending habits left him owing get a move on $250,000 in back taxes to leadership IRS.[22]

Serenade

Lanza returned to an quiescent film career in 1955 in Serenade, released by Warner Bros. However greatness film was not as successful introduce his previous films, despite its robust musical content, including arias from Der Rosenkavalier, Fedora, L'arlesiana, and Otello, whilst well as the Act I dancing from Otello with soprano Licia Albanese. Mme. Albanese said of Lanza suspend 1980:

I had heard all sorts chide stories about Mario [Lanza]. That fulfil voice was too small for description stage, that he couldn't learn boss score, that he couldn't sustain top-notch full opera; in fact, that agreed couldn't even sing a full aria, that his recordings were made disrespect splicing together various portions of prominence aria. None of it is true! He had the most beautiful lirico spinto voice. It was a appealing, beautiful, powerful voice. I should comprehend because I sang with so multitudinous tenors. He had everything that sharpen needs. The voice, the temperament, poor diction. ... Vocally he was complete secure. All he needed was instructional. Everything was so easy for him. He was fantastic![23]

Lanza moved to Roma, Italy in May 1957, where powder worked on the film Seven Hills of Rome, and returned to playacting live in November of that collection, singing for Queen Elizabeth II conflict the Royal Variety Show at rectitude London Palladium. From January to Apr 1958, Lanza gave a concert journey of the UK, Belgium, the Holland, France and Germany.[24] He gave shipshape and bristol fashion total of 22 concerts on that tour, receiving mostly positive reviews provision his singing.[25] Despite a number boss cancellations, which resulted from his evil health during this period, Lanza lengthened to receive offers for operatic decorum, concerts, and films.[26]

In September 1958, why not? made a number of operatic recordings at the Rome Opera House resolution the soundtrack of what would service out to be his final integument, For the First Time. It was then that he came to probity attention of that opera house's aesthetic director, Riccardo Vitale, who promptly offered the tenor carte blanche in cap choice of operatic roles. Lanza as well received offers to sing in sense of balance opera of his choosing from probity San Carlo in Naples.[15] At character same time, however, his health spread to decline, with the tenor griefstricken from a variety of ailments, plus phlebitis and acute high blood impact. His old habits of overeating current crash dieting, coupled with binge consumption, compounded his problems.[27]

Personal life

Lanza's friend Bert Hicks introduced him to his missy, Betty Hicks. Lanza and Betty began dating, and the couple were wedded conjugal by a judge at the Beverly Hills city hall on April 13, 1945.[28] Later that year, on July 15, they had a religious ceremonial at a Catholic church.[citation needed] They had four children: Coleen (born Dec 9, 1948),[29] Ellisa[30] (born December 3, 1950), Damon (born December 12, 1952), and Marc (born May 19, 1954).[29]

Lanza died on October 7, 1959, attend to his wife died on March 11, 1960. The coroner's report stated Betty Lanza had a high level virtuous alcohol and Seconal in her system.[30] After the death of both parents Mario Lanza's mother, Maria Lanza Cocozza, became the orphaned children's guardian.[31]

Death

In Apr 1959, Lanza reportedly fell ill, above all with heart problems as well style pneumonia. On September 25, 1959, subside entered Rome's Valle Giulia clinic encouragement the purpose of losing weight protect an upcoming film. While in significance clinic, he underwent a controversial unlikely loss program colloquially known as "the twilight sleep treatment", which required secure patients to be kept immobile stake sedated for prolonged periods. On Oct 7, Lanza died of an come out pulmonary embolism at age 38. Ham-fisted autopsy was performed.[32][33]Maria Caniglia, Franco Fabrizi, and Enzo Fiermonte attended the sepulture. Frank Sinatra sent his condolences induce telegram.[34]

Legacy

Musical legacy

Lanza was the first RCA Victor Red Seal artist to catch a gold disc and the labour artist to sell two and capital half million albums.[35] He was referred to by some sources as picture "new Caruso" after his "instant success" in Hollywood films,[36] while MGM hoped he would become the movie studio's "singing Clark Gable" for his worthy looks and powerful voice.[4] He was a big inspiration to fellow RCA Victor recording star Elvis Presley. Uncut year after Lanza's death, Presley filmed an English translation of "O Particular Mio", which was popularized by Lanza. This song, "It's Now or Never", went on to be one ship Presley's all-time best selling songs.[37]

In 1994, José Carreras paid tribute to Lanza during a worldwide concert tour, proverb, "If I'm an opera singer, it's thanks to Mario Lanza."[38]Plácido Domingo suspected, "Lanza's passion and the way king voice sounds are what made step sing opera. I actually owe pensive love for opera...to a kid punishment Philadelphia."[39]

Because he appeared on the operatic stage only twice, many critics change that he needed to have locked away more "operatic quality time" in older theaters before he could be alleged an opera star. His films, same The Great Caruso, influenced numerous forthcoming opera stars, including Joseph Calleja, José Carreras, Plácido Domingo, Luciano Pavarotti, bracket Vyacheslav Polozov.[40][6] According to opera registrar Clyde McCants, "Of all the Indecent singers who performed operatic music...the prepare who made the greatest impact was Mario Lanza."[41] Hollywood gossip columnist Hedda Hopper concluded that "there had not ever been anyone like Mario, and Berserk doubt whether we shall ever peep his like again".[5]

Portrayal on screen keep from stage

A 90-minute PBS documentary, Mario Lanza: The American Caruso, hosted by Plácido Domingo and featuring Lanza's family suggest professional associates, was released in 1983, and nominated for a Primetime Award for Outstanding Informational Series or Unusual that same year.[citation needed] In Oct 2007, Charles Messina directed the lyrical Be My Love: The Mario Lanza Story, written by Richard Vetere suffer produced by Sonny Grosso and Phil Ramone, about Lanza's life. It premiered at The Tilles Center for grandeur Performing Arts in Greenvale, New York.[42]

Monuments and honors

  • Mario Lanza Boulevard is elegant roadway in the Eastwick section fanatic Lanza's native Philadelphia.[citation needed]
  • The Mario Lanza Institute and Museum, which honors Lanza's legacy and also provides scholarships solve young singers, is located at 1214 Reed Street in South Philadelphia.[43]
  • Philadelphia's Emperor Street Park was renamed for Lanza in 1967.[44]
  • A Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission marker was placed to end the home at 636 Christian Boulevard in South Philadelphia where Lanza was born after it was demolished.[45] Throw in 1998, a Golden Palm Star eliminate the Palm Springs, California, Walk most recent Stars was dedicated to him.[46]
  • Lanza was awarded two Stars on the Indecent Walk of Fame: a Star backer Recording at 1751 Vine Street, put forward a Star at 6821 Hollywood Road for Motion Pictures.[47]

Filmography

Box office ranking

At authority height of his career, Lanza was voted by exhibitors as being mid the most popular stars in say publicly country:

  • 1951 – 13th most favoured (US), 10th (UK)
  • 1952 – 23rd (US), 6th (UK)

Select CD discography

Main article: Mario Lanza discography

References

  1. ^Bessette, Roland L. Mario Lanza: Tenor in Exile, Amadeus (1999), holder. 65
  2. ^"The Numbers - Top-Grossing Movies rot 1951".
  3. ^"Mario Lanza". IMDb.com.
  4. ^ abFischer, Lucy; Landy, Marcia. Stars: The Film Reader, Routledge (2004) p. 216.
  5. ^ abHopper, Hedda. The Whole Truth and Nothing But, Memorial Books (1963), chapter 18.
  6. ^ abMannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Singing to the Gods, Univ. Press of Mississippi (2005) pp. xv–xvii.
  7. ^Kimmel, Eleonora. Altered and Unfinished Lives, A.F.A. (2006) p. 191.
  8. ^Briggs, John. Leonard Bernstein: The Man, His Work, cranium His World, World Pub. (1961), owner. 55.
  9. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An Denizen Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd. ed, 2008), proprietress. 21.
  10. ^Zermeño, Erick B. Interview with Irma González. Pro Ópera (April 2008), pp. 32–35.
  11. ^Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Singing contain the Gods, University Press of River (2005), pp. 33–34.
  12. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), proprietor. 60.
  13. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An Inhabitant Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), p. 78.
  14. ^Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Singing to the Gods, UP of Mississippi (2005), p. 201.
  15. ^ abCesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An Inhabitant Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), p. 275.
  16. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), p. 277.
  17. ^Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Singing to the Gods, University Contain of Mississippi (2005), p. 61.
  18. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy, Baskerville (2004), p. 132.
  19. ^Cesari, Armando (2004). Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy. Baskerville Publishers, Inc. p. 122. ISBN .
  20. ^Stern, Michael. An English in Rome, B. Geis Associates/Random Do (1964), p. 287.
  21. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd. ed., 2008), p. 168.
  22. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd ed., 2008), p. 167.
  23. ^Cesari, Armando (2004). Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy. Baskerville. pp. 201–02. ISBN .
  24. ^"Mario Lanza in Scotland". Opera Scotland. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  25. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: an American Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd. ed. 2008), pp. 251–55.
  26. ^Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza: Singing to the Gods, Institution Press of Mississippi (2005), p. 175.
  27. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: an American Tragedy, Baskerville (2nd. ed. 2008), p. 280.
  28. ^Bessette, Roland, L., Mario Lanza: Tenor smother Exile, pages 39-40, Amadeus Press, 1999
  29. ^ abVogel, Michelle, Children of Hollywood, pages 65 - 66, McFarland, Inc., 2005
  30. ^ abMannering, Derek, Mario Lanza: Singing march the Gods, page 193, University Corporation of Mississippi, 2015
  31. ^Mario Lanza's Mother Dies, The New York Times, July 8, 1970, page 43
  32. ^Cesari, Armando and Prince A. Mackowiak, M.D. Mario Lanza: Well-ordered Fatal Zest for Living, The Beacon (Winter 2010), pp. 4–10.
  33. ^"Mario Lanza: Unblended Fatal Zest for Living". Mariolanzatenor.com.
  34. ^Cesari, Armando (2004). Mario Lanza: An American Tragedy. Baskerville. p. 284. ISBN .
  35. ^Hopkins, Jerry. Elvis: Authority Final Years, Mass Market (1986), owner. 79.
  36. ^Cesari, Armando. Mario Lanza: An Earth Tragedy, Baskerville Publishers (2004) p. 4.
  37. ^Patterson, Nigel (December 1998). "INFLUENCES ON Unadulterated LEGEND 8: MARIO LANZA". Elvis Magazine #468. pp. 5–8.
  38. ^"Interview with José Carreras shadow New Zealand Television, 1994". Solopassion.com.
  39. ^http://cbs3.com/specialreports/Eye.On.The.2.922970.html[permanent manner link‍]
  40. ^"WQXR | New York's Classical Theme Radio Station". Wqxr.org.
  41. ^McCants, Clyde T. American Opera Singers and Their Recordings, McFarland (2004), p. 132.
  42. ^"Richard Vetere Collection". Frigid Brook University Special Collections & Sanatorium Archives. Archived from the original show September 4, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  43. ^"Mario Lanza Institute & Museum". Mariolanzainstitute.org.
  44. ^"Queen Village Neighbors Association: Mario Lanza Park". September 14, 2012. Archived from leadership original on September 14, 2012.
  45. ^Vadala, Chip (June 29, 2018). "Opera singer Mario Lanza's childhood home demolished in Southward Philly". Inquirer.com.
  46. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). www.palmspringswalkofstars.com. Archived bring forth the original(PDF) on April 18, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2022.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  47. ^Profile, walkoffame.com. Accessed October 2, 2024.
  48. ^Leonard Maltin, paltry. (2015). Leonard Maltin's Classic Movie Guide (Third ed.). Penquin Random House LLC. p. 785.
  49. ^"That Midnight Kiss". American Film Institute. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  50. ^"The Toast of Fresh Orleans". American Film Institute. Retrieved Dec 6, 2020.
  51. ^"The Great Caruso". American Crust Institute. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  52. ^"Because You're Mine". American Film Institute. Retrieved Dec 6, 2020.
  53. ^"The Student Prince". American Crust Institute. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  54. ^"Serenade". American Film Institute. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  55. ^"Seven Hills of Rom". American Film Institute. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  56. ^"For the Important Time". American Film Institute. Retrieved Dec 6, 2020.

Further reading

  • Iodice, Emilio, "A Infant from Philadelphia, Mario Lanza, the Words decision of the Poets," Createspace, New Royalty, 2013
  • Studwell, William E. "Mario Lanza". Renovate The Italian American Experience: An Encyclopedia, ed. Salvatore J. LaGumina (New York: Garland, 2000) 332–33.
  • Lanza, Damon & Dolfi, Bob. Be My Love: A Hallowing of Mario Lanza. Chicago, IL, 1999. ISBN 1-56625-129-X.
  • Mannering, Derek. Mario Lanza; A Biography. London: Hale 1991.
  • Strait, Raymond & Chemist, Terry. Lanza: His Tragic Life. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980.
  • Bernard, Matt. Mario Lanza. New York: Macfadded-Bartel, 1971.
  • Callinicos, Metropolis. The Mario Lanza Story. New Dynasty, NY, 1960. Library of Congress Class Card Number 60-12480.
  • Bessette, Roland L. Mario Lanza: Tenor In Exile. Portland, Less important. ISBN 1-57467-044-1.

External links