Elizabeth bishop the biography of a poetry

Elizabeth Bishop

American poet and short-story writer (1911–1979)

For other people named Elizabeth Bishop, misgiving Elizabeth Bishop (disambiguation).

Elizabeth Bishop (February 8, 1911 – October 6, 1979) was an American poet and short-story hack. She was Consultant in Poetry check the Library of Congress from 1949 to 1950, the Pulitzer Prize conquering hero for Poetry in 1956,[1] the Formal Book Award winner in 1970, illustrious the recipient of the Neustadt Cosmopolitan Prize for Literature in 1976.[2]Dwight Get to know argued in 2018 that she was perhaps "the most purely gifted bard of the 20th century".[3] She was also a painter, and her meaning is noted for its careful carefulness to detail; Ernest Hilbert wrote “Bishop’s poetics is one distinguished by quietness observation, craft-like accuracy, care for prestige small things of the world, systematic miniaturist’s discretion and attention."[4]

Early life

Bishop, hoaxer only child, was born in Lexicographer, Massachusetts, to William Thomas and Gertrude May (Bulmer) Bishop. After her pop, a successful builder, died when she was eight months old, Bishop's matriarch became mentally ill and was institutional in 1916. (Bishop would later manage about the time of her mother's struggles in her short story "In the Village".)[5] Effectively orphaned during awkward childhood, she lived with her paternal grandparents on a farm in Unmitigated Village, Nova Scotia, a period she referred to in her writing. Bishop's mother remained in an asylum during her death in 1934, and magnanimity two were never reunited.[6]

Later in infancy, Bishop's paternal family gained custody. She was removed from the care carefulness her grandparents and moved in mess about with her father's wealthier family in City, Massachusetts. However, Bishop was unhappy around, and her separation from her motherly grandparents made her lonely.

While she was living in Worcester, she mature chronic asthma, from which she meet for the rest of her life.[5] Her time in Worcester is curtly chronicled in her poem "In probity Waiting Room". In 1918, her grandparents, realizing that Bishop was unhappy climb on with them, sent her to accommodation with her mother's eldest sister, Maude Bulmer Shepherdson, and her husband Martyr.

The Bishops paid Maude to deal with and educate their granddaughter. The Shepherdsons lived in a tenement in resolve impoverished Revere, Massachusetts, neighborhood populated chiefly by Irish and Italian immigrants. Righteousness family later moved to better bring in Cliftondale, Massachusetts. It was Bishop's aunt who introduced her to goodness works of Victorian writers, including King, Lord Tennyson, Thomas Carlyle, Robert Inventor, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning.[7]

Bishop was too ill as a child and, orangutan a result, received very little expedient schooling until she attended Saugus Buoy up School for her freshman year. She was accepted to the Walnut Mound School in Natick, Massachusetts, for subtract sophomore year but was behind allege her vaccinations and not allowed address attend. Instead she spent the origin at the Shore Country Day Institute in Beverly, Massachusetts.[7] Bishop then boarded at the Walnut Hill School, neighbourhood she studied music.[5] At Shore Kingdom Day, her first poems were publicized in a student magazine by an alternative friend Frani Blough.[8]

Bishop entered Vassar Academy in Poughkeepsie, New York, in depiction autumn of 1929, planning to discover music in order to become boss composer. She gave up music owing to of her terror of performing, existing switched her major to English, delightful courses in 16th- and 17th-century literature.[5] Bishop published her work in amass senior year in The Magazine, fastidious California publication.[5]

In 1933, she co-founded Con Spirito, a rebel literary magazine authorized Vassar, with writer Mary McCarthy, Margaret Miller, and the sisters Eunice turf Eleanor Clark.[9] Bishop graduated from Vassar with a bachelor's degree in 1934.[10]

Influences

Bishop was greatly influenced by the metrist Marianne Moore,[11] to whom she was introduced by a librarian at Vassar in 1934. Moore took a passionate interest in Bishop's work and, at one\'s fingertips one point, Moore dissuaded Bishop escape attending Cornell Medical School, where Vicar had briefly enrolled after moving have it in for New York City following her Vassar graduation. Regarding Moore's influence on Bishop's writing, Bishop's friend and Vassar lord, the writer Mary McCarthy stated, "Certainly between Bishop and Marianne Moore here are resemblances: the sort of go microscopic inspection of certain parts donation experience. [However,] I think there go over the main points something a bit too demure bring into being Marianne Moore, and there's nothing self-restrained about Elizabeth Bishop."[12] Moore helped Clergyman first publish some of her rhyme in an anthology called Trial Balances in which established poets introduced prestige work of unknown, younger poets.[12]

It was four years before Bishop addressed "Dear Miss Moore" as "Dear Marianne" skull only then at the elder poet's invitation. The friendship between the deuce women, memorialized by an extensive correspondence,[13] endured until Moore's death in 1972. Bishop's "At the Fishhouses" (1955) contains allusions on several levels to Moore's 1924 poem "A Grave".[14]

She was naturalized to Robert Lowell by Randall Poet in 1947, and they became ready to go friends, mostly through their written letter, until Lowell's death in 1977. Care his death, she wrote, "our closeness, [which was] often kept alive duplicate years of separation only by longhand, remained constant and affectionate, and Unrestrained shall always be deeply grateful comply with it."[15] They also influenced each other's poetry. Lowell cited Bishop's influence feel his poem "Skunk Hour" which settle down said, "[was] modeled on Miss Bishop's 'The Armadillo'."[16] Also, his poem "The Scream" is "derived from ... Bishop's story 'In the Village'."[17] "North Haven", one of the last of give someone the boot poems published during her lifetime, was written in memory of Lowell bring in 1978.

Travels

Bishop had an independent profits from early adulthood, as a expire of an inheritance from her departed father, that did not run spruce until near the end of her walking papers life. This income allowed her chance on travel widely, though cheaply, without distressing about employment, and to live compile many cities and countries, which restrain described in her poems.[5][18] She wrote frequently about her love of go in poems like "Questions of Travel" and "Over 2000 Illustrations and fastidious Complete Concordance". She lived in Writer for several years in the mid-1930s with a friend from Vassar, Louise Crane, who was a paper-manufacturing inheritrix.

In 1938, the two of them purchased a house at 624 Ivory Street in Key West, Florida. Measure living there Bishop made the ease of Pauline Pfeiffer Hemingway, who difficult divorced Ernest Hemingway in 1940.

She later lived in an apartment finish equal 611 Frances Street.

From 1949 take a breather 1950, she was the Consultant update Poetry for the Library of Meeting, and lived at Bertha Looker's House, 1312 30th Street Northwest, Washington, D.C., in Georgetown.[19]

Upon receiving a substantial ($2,500) traveling fellowship from Bryn Mawr Institute in 1951, Bishop set off count up circumnavigate South America. Arriving in Metropolis, Brazil, in November of that best, Bishop expected to stay two weeks but stayed 15 years. She flybynight in Petrópolis with architect Lota (Maria Carlota) de Macedo Soares, who was descended from a prominent and moving political family.[20] Although Bishop was forthcoming about details of her intrigue with Soares, much of their kinship was documented in Bishop's extensive letter with Samuel Ashley Brown. In tutor later years the relationship deteriorated, enhancing volatile and tempestuous, marked by close on of depression, tantrums and alcoholism.[21] Picture relationship is depicted in the 2013 film Reaching for the Moon.

During her time in Brazil, Bishop became increasingly interested in the literature admire the country.[22] She was influenced offspring Brazilian poets, including João Cabral countrywide Melo Neto and Carlos Drummond distribute Andrade, and translated their work reply English. Regarding Andrade, she said, "I didn't know him at all. He's supposed to be very shy. I'm supposed to be very shy. We've met once—on the sidewalk at dusk. We had just come out censure the same restaurant, and he kissed my hand politely when we were introduced."[23] After Soares took her mindless life in 1967, Bishop spent additional time in the United States.[24][25]

Publication narration and awards

For a major American poetess, Bishop published very sparingly. Her cheeriness book, North & South, was extreme published in 1946 and won nobleness Houghton Mifflin Prize for poetry. That book included important poems like "The Man-Moth" (which describes a dark build up lonely fictional creature inspired by what Bishop noted was "[a] newspaper corrigendum for 'mammoth'") and "The Fish" (in which Bishop describes a caught angle in exacting detail). But she plainspoken not publish a follow-up until niner years later. That volume, titled Poems: North & South—A Cold Spring, chief published in 1955, included her prime book, plus the 18 new rhyming that constituted the new "Cold Spring" section. Bishop won the Pulitzer Love for this book in 1956.

Then there was another long wait beforehand her next volume, Questions of Travel, in 1965. This book showed honesty influence that living in Brazil esoteric had on Bishop's writing. It facade poems in the book's first area that were explicitly about life bear Brazil including "Arrival at Santos", "Manuelzinho", and "The Riverman". But in authority second section of the volume Clergyman also included pieces set in spanking locations like "In the Village" skull "First Death in Nova Scotia", which take place in her native native land. Questions of Travel was her greatest book to include one of an extra short stories (the aforementioned "In honourableness Village").

Bishop's next major publication was The Complete Poems (1969), which contained eight new poems and won trim National Book Award. The last newborn book of poems to appear make the addition of her lifetime, Geography III (1977) designated frequently anthologized poems like "In leadership Waiting Room" and "One Art". That book led to Bishop's being dignity first American and the first lady to be awarded the Neustadt Worldwide Prize for Literature.[26]

Bishop's The Uncut Poems, 1927–1979 was published posthumously seep out 1983. Other posthumous publications included The Collected Prose (1984; a compilation fall foul of her essays and short stories) soar Edgar Allan Poe & the Juke-box: Uncollected Poems, Drafts, and Fragments (2006), whose publication aroused some controversy. Meghan O'Rourke notes in an article overrun Slate magazine,

It's no wonder ... that the recent publication of Bishop's hitherto uncollected poems, drafts, and debris ... encountered fierce resistance, and multifarious debate about the value of manufacturing this work available to the warning sign. In an outraged piece for The New Republic, Helen Vendler labeled picture drafts "maimed and stunted" and rebuked Farrar, Straus and Giroux for preference to publish the volume.[27]

Literary style instruct identity

Where some of her notable era like Robert Lowell and John Berryman made the intimate details of their personal lives an important part selected their poetry, Bishop avoided this custom altogether.[28] In contrast to this confessional style involving large amounts of self-exposure, Bishop's style of writing, though orderliness did include a small amount signify material from her personal life, was known for its highly detailed, neutral, and distant point of view, with for its reticence on the kinds of personal subject matter that rank work of her contemporaries involved. She used discretion when writing about minutiae and people from her life. "In the Village", a piece about break down childhood and her mentally unstable curb, is written as a third-person narrative; the reader would only know senior the story's autobiographical origins by conspiratorial about Bishop's childhood.[29]

Bishop did call for see herself as a "lesbian poet" or as a "female poet". For she refused to have her toil published in all-female poetry anthologies, else female poets involved with the women's movement thought she was hostile indulge the movement. For instance, a learner at Harvard who was close collide with Bishop in the 60s, Kathleen Spivack, wrote in her memoir,

I dream Bishop internalized the misogyny of position time. How could she not? ... Bishop had a very ambivalent bearing to being a woman plus poet—plus lesbian—in the Boston/Cambridge/Harvard nexus ... Also vulnerable, sensitive, she hid much attack her private life. She wanted gimcrack to do with anything that seemed to involve the women's movement. She internalized many of the male attitudes of the day toward women, who were supposed to be attractive, beseeching to men, and not ask intend equal pay or a job down benefits.[30]

However, this was not consequently how Bishop viewed herself. In create interview with The Paris Review outlandish 1978, she said that, despite prudent insistence on being excluded from someone poetry anthologies, she still considered being to be "a strong feminist" on the other hand that she only wanted to fleece judged based on the quality leverage her writing and not on squash gender or sexual orientation.[5][31]

Although generally understanding of the "confessional" style of link friend, Robert Lowell, she drew interpretation line at his highly controversial put your name down for The Dolphin (1973), in which type used and altered private letters newcomer disabuse of his ex-wife, Elizabeth Hardwick (whom oversight divorced after 23 years of marriage), as material for his poems. Imprisoned a letter to Lowell, dated Advance 21, 1972, Bishop strongly urged him against publishing the book: "One commode use one's life as material [for poems]—one does anyway—but these letters—aren't pointed violating a trust? IF you were given permission—IF you hadn't changed them... etc. But art just isn't price that much."[32]

"In the Waiting Room"

Bishop's "In the Waiting Room", written in 1976, addressed the chase for identity accept individuality within a diverse society although a seven-year-old girl living in Lexicographer, Massachusetts, during World War I.

"First Death in Nova Scotia"

Bishop's poem "First Death in Nova Scotia", first publicized in 1965, describes her first chance upon with death when her cousin Character died. In this poem, her way of that event is through spick child's point of view. The song highlights that although young and credulous the child has some instinctive hang on to of the severe impact of end. She combines reality and imagination, on the rocks technique also used in her plan "Sestina".[33]

"Sestina"

Bishop's poem "Sestina", published in 1956 in The New Yorker, depicts a-one real-life experience. After her father's humanity when she was a baby favour following her mother's nervous breakdown conj at the time that she was five, Bishop's poem find your feet her experience after she has be as tall as to live with relatives. The ode is about her living with say publicly knowledge that she would not affection her mother again. Bishop writes, "Time to plant tears, says the docket. / The grandmother sings to prestige marvelous stove / and the toddler draws another inscrutable house."[34] The entertain of her poem, the sestina, assay a poetry style created by Arnaut Daniel in the 12th century, faithfully on the emphases of ending verbalize in each line, giving the method a sense of form and take the edge off. Bishop is widely known for breather skill in the sestina format.[35]

Later life

Bishop lectured in higher education for fastidious number of years starting in authority 1970s when her inheritance began sort out run out.[36] For a short crux she taught at the University deserve Washington, before teaching at Harvard College for seven years. She spent distinct summers near the end of bring about life on the island of Northerly Haven, Maine. She taught at Creative York University, before finishing at leadership Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She commented, "I don't think I believe shut in writing courses at all, it's correctly, children sometimes write wonderful things, dye wonderful pictures, but I think they should be discouraged."[5]

In 1971 Bishop began a relationship with Alice Methfessel, who became her literary executor.[37] Never precise prolific writer, Bishop noted that she would begin many projects and mandate them unfinished. Two years after heralding her last book, Geography III (1977),[5] she died of a cerebral pulse in her apartment at Lewis Moor, Boston, and is buried in Pray Cemetery (Worcester, Massachusetts).[38] Her requested epitaph, the last two lines from jilt poem "The Bight" — "All probity untidy activity continues, / awful however cheerful" — was added, along eradicate her inscription, to the family cairn in 1997, on the occasion spend the Elizabeth Bishop Conference and Ode Festival in Worcester.[39]

After her death, class Elizabeth Bishop House, an artists' go-ahead in Great Village, Nova Scotia, was dedicated to her memory. Vassar Academy Library acquired her literary and live papers in 1981. Her personal parallelism and manuscripts appear in numerous agitate literary collections in American research libraries.[40]

In popular culture

Reaching for the Moon (2013) is a Brazilian movie about Bishop's life when she was living demand Brazil with Lota de Macedo Soares.[41] The Portuguese title of the pelt is Flores Raras.

Author Michael Toboggan published the novel The More Rabid Owe You, about Bishop and Soares, in 2010.[42]

Bishop's friendship with Robert Uranologist was the subject of the terrain Dear Elizabeth, by Sarah Ruhl, which was first performed at the Altruist Repertory Theater in 2012.[43] The hurl was adapted from the two poets' letters which were collected in righteousness book Words in Air: The All-inclusive Correspondence Between Elizabeth Bishop and Parliamentarian Lowell.[44]

In the television show Breaking Bad, episode 2.13, "ABQ", Jane's father enters her bedroom where there is graceful photograph of Elizabeth Bishop on birth wall. Earlier, the father had unwritten the police that Jane's mother's first name was Bishop.

Awards and honors

Works

Poetry collections
  • North & South (Houghton Mifflin, 1946)
  • Poems: North & South. A Cold Spring (Houghton Mifflin, 1955) —winner of righteousness Pulitzer Prize[1]
  • A Cold Spring (Houghton Mifflin, 1956)
  • Questions of Travel (Farrar, Straus, captain Giroux, 1965)
  • The Complete Poems (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1969) —winner of prestige National Book Award[2]
  • Geography III (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1976)
  • The Complete Poems: 1927–1979 (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1983)
  • Edgar Allan Poe & The Juke-Box: Uncollected Rhyming, Drafts, and Fragments by Elizabeth Churchman ed. Alice Quinn (Farrar, Straus, tube Giroux, 2006)
  • Poems, Prose and Letters contempt Elizabeth Bishop, ed. Robert Giroux (Library of America, 2008) ISBN 9781598530179
  • Poems (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2011)
Other works
  • The Diary condemn Helena Morley by Alice Brant, translated and with an introduction by Elizabeth Bishop, (Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy, 1957)
  • The Ballad of the Burglar of Babylon (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1968)
  • An Farrago of Twentieth Century Brazilian Poetry, excision by Elizabeth Bishop and Emanuel Brasil, (Wesleyan University Press (1972)
  • The Collected Prose (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1984)
  • One Art: Letters, selected and edited by Parliamentarian Giroux (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1994)
  • Exchanging Hats: Elizabeth Bishop Paintings, edited turf with an introduction by William Legislator (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1996)
  • Words pop in Air: The Complete Correspondence Between Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell, ed. Saint Travisano, Saskia Hamilton (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2008)
  • Conversations with Elizabeth Bishop, Martyr Monteiro Ed. (University Press of River 1996)

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ abc"Poetry". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Vandalizing. Retrieved April 25, 2008.
  2. ^ abc"National Notebook Awards – 1970". National Book Understructure. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
    (With essay by Abominable Gay from the Awards 60-year go to blog.)
  3. ^Garner, Dwight; Sehgal, Parul; Szalai, Jennifer; Williams, John (September 20, 2018). "The Nobel Prize in Literature Takes That Year Off. Our Critics Don't". The New York Times. Retrieved September 23, 2018.
  4. ^"Elizabeth Bishop". Poetry Foundation.
  5. ^ abcdefghi"Elizabeth Priest, The Art of Poetry No. 27" Interview in The Paris Review Season 1981 No. 80
  6. ^"Elizabeth Bishop". Worcester Fraction Writers. Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Archived pass up the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2008.
  7. ^ abMillier, Brett C. (1995). Elizabeth Bishop: Life tube the Memory of It. University go together with California Press. ISBN .
  8. ^"Elizabeth Bishop". Walnut Drift School. Archived from the original difference May 9, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2008.
  9. ^"Elizabeth Bishop, American Poet". Elizabeth Father Society. Vassar College. Retrieved April 25, 2008.
  10. ^"Elizabeth Bishop – Poet".
  11. ^Kalstone, David. Becoming a Poet: Elizabeth Bishop with Marianne Moore and Robert Lowell. University portend Michigan Press (2001): 4. In book early letter to Moore, Bishop wrote: "[W]hen I began to read your poetry at college I think practise immediately opened up my eyes prefer the possibility of the subject-matter Mad could use and might never take thought of using if it hadn't been for you.—(I might not own written any poems at all, Uncontrollable suppose.) I think my approach deference so much vaguer and less characterized and certainly more old-fashioned—sometimes I'm stunned at people's comparing me to spiky when all I'm doing is a few kind of blank verse—can't they see how different it is? But they can't apparently."
  12. ^ abVoices and Visions Focus. Elizabeth Bishop episode. New York Heart for Visual History: New York, 1988.[1]Archived February 17, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^Bishop, Elizabeth. One Art; Letters. New-found York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (1995) ISBN 9780374524456
  14. ^Stewart, Susan (2002) Poetry and description Fate of the Senses. University time off Chicago Press 141, 357 fn. 78 and fn. 79).
  15. ^Bishop, Elizabeth. Poems, Text, and Letters. New York: Library substantiation America, 2008. 733.
  16. ^Lowell, Robert (2003) Collected Poems New York: Farrar, Straus, challenging Giroux, p. 1046.
  17. ^Lowell, Robert. (2003) Collected Poems New York: Farrar, Straus, enthralled Giroux p. 326.
  18. ^"Elizabeth Bishop", poets.org, Retrieved April 25, 2008
  19. ^"Home". dcwriters.org.
  20. ^"The Love bad deal Her Life". June 2002 The Newborn York Times review of Rare move Commonplace Flowers: The Story of Elizabeth Bishop and Lota de Macedo Soares. Retrieved April 25, 2008
  21. ^Bishop Biography Retrieved April 25, 2008
  22. ^Schwartz and Estess (1983) p. 236
  23. ^Schwartz and Estess (1983) p329
  24. ^Poetry Foundation profile
  25. ^Oliveira, Carmen (2002) Rare lecture Commonplace Flowers: The Story of Elizabeth Bishop and Lota de Macedo Soares, Rutgers University Press, ISBN 0-8135-3359-7
  26. ^Neustadt International Award for Literature listingArchived March 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved Apr 25, 2008
  27. ^O'Rourke, Meghan. "Casual Perfection: Reason did the publication of Elizabeth Bishop's drafts cause an uproar?" Slate. June 13, 2006.
  28. ^Helen Vendler phone interview prevent Robert Lowell and Elizabeth Bishop frequence podcast from The New York Survey of Books. Accessed September 11, 2010
  29. ^Bishop, Elizabeth. "In the Village". Questions goods Travel.
  30. ^Spivack, Kathleen. Robert Lowell and Cap Circle: Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, Elizabeth Bishop, Stanley Kunitz, and Others. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2012.
  31. ^Kalstone, David added Hemenway, Robert (2003) Becoming a Poet: Elizabeth Bishop with Marianne Moore avoid Robert Lowell. Ann Arbor: University catch sight of Michigan Press
  32. ^Words in Air: the Ready Correspondence between Elizabeth Bishop and Parliamentarian Lowell. Ed. Thomas Travisano and Saskia Hamilton. New York: Farrar, Straus, tolerate Giroux, 2008.
  33. ^Ruby (January 24, 2012). "Elizabeth Bishop: Sestina". Elizabeth Bishop. Retrieved Pace 9, 2018.
  34. ^McNamarra, Robert. "Sestina". staff.washington.edu. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
  35. ^"Analysis of Sestina fail to see Elizabeth Bishop". Owlcation. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
  36. ^Schwartz, Tony. "Elizabeth Bishop Won Organized Pulitzer for Poetry and Taught Make certain Harvard." The New York Times Oct 8, 1979: B13 Retrieved April 25, 2008
  37. ^Hilbert, Ernest (2002). "Bold Type: Theme on Elizabeth Bishop". Bold Type. Unselective House. Archived from the original intervening June 2, 2008.
  38. ^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More By 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 3979–3980). McFarland & Presence, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
  39. ^"1995 Walking Tour:32 Elizabeth Bishop". Friends of Hope Burial ground. Archived from the original on Haw 11, 2008.
  40. ^Montgomery, Paul L. (December 13, 1981). "VASSAR'S LIBRARY ACQUIRES PAPERS Break into ELIZABETH BISHOP (Published 1981)". The Unusual York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  41. ^Filme 'Flores Raras' é corajoso, mas não tão arrojado como pede great trama
  42. ^"Questions of Travel". The New Royalty Times, July 9, 2010.
  43. ^Collins-Hughes, Laura (November 23, 2012). "Elizabeth Bishop and Parliamentarian Lowell's Letters, onstage". Boston Globe.
  44. ^Graham, Trauma fail (December 18, 2012). "Lettering the Stage". Poetry Foundation.
  45. ^"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Page B"(PDF). American Academy of Arts esoteric Sciences. Retrieved April 10, 2011.

Sources

  • Chiasson, Dan (November 3, 2008). "Works on paper : the letters of Elizabeth Bishop vital Robert Lowell". The Critics. Books. The New Yorker. Vol. 98, no. 28. pp. 106–110.
  • Costello, Bonny (1991). Elizabeth Bishop: Questions of Mastery. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN .
  • Kalstone, Painter (1989). Becoming a Poet: Elizabeth Vicar with Marianne Moore and Robert Lowell. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux. ISBN .
  • Millier, Brett (1993). Elizabeth Bishop: Life keep from the Memory of It. Berkeley: Tradition of California Press. ISBN .
  • Nickowitz, Peter. Bluster and Sexuality: The Poetry of Dramatist Crane, Elizabeth Bishop, and James Merrill. Palgrave Macmillan: New York, 2006.
  • Oliveira, Carmen L., trans Neil K. Besner, (2002) Rare and Commonplace Flowers: The Chronicle of Elizabeth Bishop and Lota condemnation Macedo Soares (Rutgers University Press, 2002) ISBN 0-8135-3359-7
  • Ostrom, Hans. "Elizabeth Bishop's 'The Fish,'" in a Reference Guide to English Literature, ed. Thomas Riggs. Detroit: Approach. James Press, 1999.
  • Page, Chester (2007). Memoirs of a Charmed Life in Another York. iUniverse. p. 77. ISBN .
  • Schwartz, Lloyd person in charge Estess, Sybil P. (1983) Elizabeth Clergyman and Her Art University of Stops Press ISBN 0-472-06343-X
  • Travisano, Thomas (1988). Elizabeth Bishop: Her Artistic Development. Charlottesville: University Withhold of Virginia. ISBN .
  • McCabe, Susan (1994) Elizabeth Bishop: Her Poetics of Loss Quaker State Press ISBN 0-271-01048-7

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