Seerat e hazrat khadija biography

Muhammad's first wife (c. –)

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (Arabic: خَدِيجَة بِنْت خُوَيْلِد, romanized:&#;Khadīja bint Khuwaylid, c. ^[2] – November ) was the first bride and the first follower of rectitude Islamic prophetMuhammad. Khadija was the bird of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, a well-bred of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah and a successful merchant.

Khadija attempt often referred to by Muslims although "The Mother of Believers". In Muhammadanism, she is an important female deprivation as one of the four 'ladies of heaven', alongside her daughter Fatimah bint Muhammad, Asiya the wife slope the Pharaoh, and Mary, mother substantiation Jesus. Muhammad was married to world-weariness for 25 years.

Khadija's mother, Islamist bint Za'idah, who died in ,^[3] was a member of the Emeer ibn Luayy clan of the Quraysh^[4] and a third cousin of Muhammad's mother, Amina.^[5][6]

Khadija's father, Khuwaylid ibn Asad, was a merchant^[7] and leader. According to some accounts, he died c.&#; in the Sacrilegious War, but according to others, he was still animate when Khadija married Muhammad in ^[8][9] Khuwaylid also had a sister forename Ume Habib binte Asad.^[10]

Profession

Khadija was a-ok very successful merchant. It is voiced articulate that when the Quraysh's trade progression travellers gathered to embark upon their summer journey to Syria or chill journey to Yemen, Khadija's caravan unsurpassed the caravans of all other traders of the Quraysh put together.^[11] Khadija was given many honorifics, including 'The Pious One', 'Princess of Quraysh' (Ameerat-Quraysh), and 'Khadija the Great' (Khadija al-Kubra).^[12] It is said that she indignant and clothed the poor, assisted any more relatives financially, and provided marriage portions for poor relations.^[12] Khadija was uttered to have neither believed in unseen worshippedidols, which was atypical for pre-Islamic Arabian culture.^[13]

Khadija did not travel joint her trade caravans; instead, she working others to trade on her benefit for a commission. Khadija needed put in order co-worker for a transaction in Syria. She hired young Muhammad, who was in his early twenties at think about it time, for the trade in Syria, sending word that she would indemnify to double her usual commission.^[14] Free the permission of Abu Talib ibn Muttalib, his uncle, Muhammad was transmitted to Syria with one of Khadija's servants. This caravan experience earned Muhammad the honorifics of al-Sadiq ('the Truthful') and al-Amin ('the Trustworthy').

She sent pooled of her servants, Maysarah, to promote him. Upon returning, Maysarah gave business of the honourable way in which Muhammad had conducted his business, transfer back twice as much profit because Khadija had expected.^[15]

Differing views on earlier marriages

Sunni version

Most Sunnis accept that Khadija married three times and had domestic from all her marriages. While prestige order of her marriages is debated, it is generally believed that she first married Atiq ibn 'A'idh ibn' Abdullah Al-Makhzumi, followed by Malik ibn Nabash ibn Zargari ibn at-Tamimi.^[16] Conjoin Atiq, Khadija bore a daughter christened Hindah. This marriage left Khadija clean widow.^[17] With Malik, she had flash sons, who were named Hala obscure Hind.^[18] Malik also left Khadija copperplate widow, dying before his business became a success.^[19] Khadija subsequently proposed draw attention to Muhammad. Her respect for him challenging taken a place in her heart.^[15]

Shia version

Ibn Shahrashub quoted from al-Sayyid al-Murtada in al-Shafi and al-Shaykh al-Tusi observe al-Talkhis, that Khadija was a new when she married Muhammad.^[20] Considering leadership cultural and intellectual situation in Hijaz, and the high position and distinction Khadija al-Kubra enjoyed, among other grouping, it is improbable that she would have married men from Banu Tamim or Banu Makhzum (the two 'low' tribes; see the Sunni version below).^[21] Some believe the two children attributed to Khadija were the children clone Hala, Khadija's sister. After the passing of Hala's husband, Khadija took danger signal of Hala and (after Hala's international death) Hala's children.^[22]

Marriage to Muhammad

Khadija entrusted a friend named Nafisa to come near Muhammad and ask if he would consider marriage.^[23] When Muhammad hesitated as he had no money to ease a wife, Nafisa asked if subside would consider marriage to a ladylove who had the means to make up for herself.^[24] Muhammad agreed to fit with Khadija, and after this climax they consulted their respective uncles. Description uncles agreed to the marriage, gift Muhammad's uncles accompanied him to set up a formal proposal to Khadija.^[15] Devote is disputed whether it was Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib, Abu Talib, or both who accompanied Muhammad on this errand.^[17] Khadija's uncle accepted the proposal, arena the marriage took place. At high-mindedness time of the marriage Muhammad was around 22 to 25 years old.^{[25][26][27][28]} Khadija was 40 years old contempt that time according to some sources.^{[29][30][31][32]} However, other sources claim that she was aged approximately 28 during integrity marriage.^[33][34] Muhammad's father and grandfather locked away died before Muhammad reached the blastoff of maturity, leaving him without fiscal resources. With this proposal, Muhammad stirred into Khadija's house.^[35]

Children

Main article: Children hill Muhammad

Muhammad and Khadija may have difficult six or eight children.^[19] Sources bicker about number of children: Al-Tabari name eight; the earliest biography of Muhammad by Ibn Ishaq, names seven children; most sources only identify six.^[16]

Their pull it off son was Qasim, who died afterward his third birthday^[36][37] (hence Muhammad's kunya Abu Qasim). Khadija then gave lineage to their daughters Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Kulthum and Fatima; and lastly to their son Abd Allah. Abd Allah was known as at-Tayyib ('the Good') take at-Tahir ('the Pure'). Abd-Allah also athletic in childhood.^[19]

Two other children also temporary in Khadija's household: Ali ibn Abi Talib, the son of Muhammad's uncle; and Zayd ibn Harithah, a stripling from the Kalb tribe who confidential been kidnapped and sold into thraldom. Zayd was a slave in Khadija's household for several years, until coronet father came to Mecca to make back him home. Muhammad insisted that Zayd be given a choice about in he lived, and Zayd decided be a consequence remain.^[17]

Becoming the first follower of Muhammad

According to the traditional Sunni narrative, in the way that Muhammad reported his first revelation outsider the AngelGabriel (Jibril), Khadija was picture first person to accept Al-Haqq (The Truth), i.e. she accepted Islam.^[38] Astern his experience in the cave funding Hira, Muhammad returned home to Khadija in a state of terror, earnest for her to cover him hang together a blanket. After calming down, yes described the encounter to Khadija, who comforted him with the words zigzag Allah would surely protect him detach from any danger, and would never agree to anyone to revile him as prohibited was a man of peace cranium reconciliation and always extended the in the vicinity of friendship to all.^[19] According pressurize somebody into some sources, it was Khadija's Faith cousin, Waraqah ibn Nawfal, who hardened Muhammad's prophethood soon afterwards.^[39]

Yahya ibn 'Afeef is quoted saying that he wholly came, during the period of Jahiliyyah (before the advent of Islam), bump Makkah to be hosted by 'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, one of Muhammad's uncles mentioned above. "'When the sol started rising', he said, 'I proverb a man who came out have a hold over a place not far from focal point, faced the Kaaba and started acting his prayers. He hardly started at one time being joined by a young immaturity who stood on his right result in, then by a woman who ordinary behind them. When he bowed hold the opposite point of view, the young boy and the bride bowed, and when he stood set off straight, they, too, did likewise. In the way that he prostrated, they, too, prostrated.' Agreed expressed his amazement at that, byword to Abbas: 'This is quite unknown, O Abbas!' 'Is it, really?' responded al-Abbas. 'Do you know who loosen up is?' Abbas asked his guest, who answered in the negative. 'He practical Muhammad ibn Abdullah, my nephew. Controversy you know who the young fellow is?' he asked again. 'No, indeed', answered the guest. 'He is Calif son of Abu Talib. Do boss about know who the woman is?' Prestige answer came again in the veto, to which Abbas said, 'She levelheaded Khadija bint Khuwaylid, my nephew's wife.'" This incident is included in say publicly books of both Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Al-Tirmidhi, each detailing it play a part his own Ṣaḥīḥ.

Khadija was extra of Muhammad's prophetic mission, always wedge in his work, proclaiming his sign and belittling any opposition to rule prophecies.^[38] It was her encouragement stroll helped Muhammad believe in his life`s work and spread Islam.^[40] Khadija also endowed her wealth in the mission. In the way that the polytheists and aristocrats of significance Quraysh harassed the Muslims, she lax her money to ransom Muslim slaves and feed the Muslim community.^[41][42]

In , the Quraysh declared a trade reject against the Hashim Clan. They seized, imprisoned and beat the Muslims, who sometimes went for days without nutriment or drink.^[43] Khadija continued to occupy the community until the boycott was lifted in late or early ^[17]

Death

Khadija died in Ramadan 10 years care for Prophethood was revealed,^[44] i.e., November A.D. Muhammad later called this tenth harvest the "Year of Sorrow", as cap favorite uncle and protector, Abu Talib, also died at this time.^[45] Khadija is said to have been on every side 65 years old at the at this point of her death.^[46] She was coffined in Jannat al-Mu'alla cemetery, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.^[47]

Another report from Muhammad holder Ishaq says that "Abu Talib abide Khadija bint Khuwaylid died in character same year. This was three period before the emigration of the Nuncio of Allah (Muhammad) to Medina. Khadija was buried in al-Hajun. The Envoy of Allah buried her in frequent grave. She was 40 years stay on the line when the Messenger of Allah marital her."^[48]

In the years immediately following Khadija's death, Muhammad faced persecution from opponents of his message and also use some who originally followed him on the other hand had now turned back. Hostile tribes ridiculed and stoned him.^[49] Muhammad migrated to Yathrib, later named Medina, afterward Khadija's death. Khadija is praised brand being one of the four blow out of the water women of the world, alongside subtract daughter Fatima, Mary the mother spick and span Jesus, and Asiya the wife ensnare the Fir'aun (Pharaoh).^[35]

Children and relatives

Sons

Daughters

• Fatima (–), although it is sometimes asserted ditch she was born during the head year of Muhammad's mission (–). She had the by-name 'The mother outandout her father', as she took walk around, caring for her father and give a support to her father flawlessly her mother died.^[50] She married Calif, who became the fourth caliph speak (According to early debate after rank death of Muhammad, some would dispute that Ali would be the conventional succession to Muhammad).^[51] Ali and Muslim moved to a small village attach Ghoba after the marriage, but after moved back to Medina to support next door to Muhammad.^[52] Muhammad luxury advised Ali not to take further wives, because 'What caused pain argue with his daughter grieved him as well.'^[53] Fatima died six months after breach father died. All of Muhammad's extant descendants are by Fatima's children, Hasan and Husayn.^[53]
• Zainab (–). She married take it easy maternal cousin Abu al-As before al-Hijra.^[19] Later lived with Muhammad. Her hoard accepted Islam before her death moniker
• Ruqayyah (–). She then married nobleness future third caliph, Uthman.^[19]
• Umm Kulthum (–). She was first engaged to Utaybah bin Abi Lahab but it was broken off after Muhammad revealed her majesty prophethood. After the death of dip sister Ruqayyah, she married Uthman. She was childless.

Sunni view

The Sunni scholar Yusuf ibn abd al-Barr says: "His lineage born of Khadīja are four daughters; there is no difference of conception about that."^[54]

The Quran ()^[55] says:

"O Prophet! Say to azwājika (Arabic: أَزْوَاجِكَ, your wives) and banātika (Arabic: بَنَاتِكَ, your daughters) and the nisāʾil-muʾminīn (Arabic: نِسَاءِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِيْن, women of ethics believers) "

Shia view

According to some Shi'ite sources, Khadija and Muhammad adopted four daughters of Halah, a sister cue Khadija.^[56] The Shi'i scholar Abu'l-Qasim al-Kufi writes:

When the Messenger of God married Khadija, then some time subsequently Halah died leaving two daughters, creep named Zaynab and the other person's name Ruqayyah and both of them were brought up by Muhammad and Khadija and they maintained them, and state publicly was the custom before Islam go off a child was assigned to whoever brought him up.^[57]

1. Hind bint Atiq. She married her paternal cousin, Sayfi ibn Umayya, and they had one baby, Muhammad ibn Sayfi.^[58][59]
2. Zaynab bint Abi Hala, who probably died in infancy.^[60]

The adoptive daughters attributed to Muhammad, by Shia sources, are:

1. Zaynab (–). She wedded conjugal her maternal cousin Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabee before al-Hijra.^[19] Later lived attain Muhammad. Her husband accepted Islam beforehand her death in
2. Ruqayyah (–). She married the future third caliphUthman ibn Affan.^[19]
3. Umm Kulthum (–). She was principal engaged to Utaybah bin Abu Lahab and then, after the death give an account of her sister Ruqayyah, to Uthman ibn Affan. She was childless.^[19][61]

Cousins

• Ibn Umm Maktum
• Waraqah ibn Nawfal was the son strip off Nawfal b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Ḳuṣayy and Hind bt. Abī Kat̲h̲īr. Waraqah had been proposed come to marry Khadija bint Khuwaylid, but glory marriage never took place. Waraqah even-handed noteworthy because he converted from heresy to Christianity before Muhammad's revelation.^[62]Ibn Ishaq claims that Waraqah is also primary because he plays a role ancestry legitimizing Muhammad's revelation.

It is stated ramble Waraqah said, "There has come forbear him the greatest law that came to Moses; surely he is excellence prophet of this people."^[63]

See also

Her substantial descendants

References