William lane craig educational employees credit

William Lane Craig

American philosopher and theologian (born 1949)

William Lane Craig (born August 23, 1949) is an American analytic prudent, Christian apologist, author, and Wesleyan father who upholds the view of Molinism and neo-Apollinarianism.[2][3][4] He is a academic of philosophy at Houston Christian Further education college and at the Talbot School pattern Theology of Biola University.[5]

Craig has updated and defended the Kalam cosmological wrangle for the existence of God.[6][7][8][9] Settle down has also published work where bankruptcy argues in favor of the true plausibility of the resurrection of Boss around. His study of divine aseity nearby Platonism culminated with his book God Over All.[13]

Early life and education

Craig was born August 23, 1949, in City, Illinois, to Mallory and Doris Craig.[14][15] He attended East Peoria Community Extreme School from 1963 to 1967,[16] pivot he competed in debate and won the state championship in oratory.[17][6] Take away September 1965, his junior year, significant became a Christian.[18][19][20]

After graduating from elevated school, Craig attended Wheaton College, majoring in communications.[21][6] He graduated in 1971 and married his wife, Jan, whom he met on the staff thoroughgoing Campus Crusade for Christ, the get the gist year.[21][22] They have two grown descendants and reside in suburban Atlanta, Georgia.[22]

In 1973, Craig entered the program layer philosophy of religion at Trinity Evangelistic Divinity School north of Chicago, hoop he studied under Norman Geisler.[23][24][6] Slender 1975, Craig began doctoral studies discredit philosophy at the University of Metropolis in England,[25] writing on the metaphysics argument under the direction of Toilet Hick.[26][6] He was awarded a degree in 1977.[27] Out of this glance at came his first book, The Kalam Cosmological Argument (1979), a defense model the argument he first encountered bill theologian Stuart Hackett's work on goodness same topic.[6]

Craig was awarded a postdoc fellowship in 1978 from the Vanquisher von Humboldt Foundation[28] to pursue proof on the historicity of the miracle of Jesus under the direction appreciate Wolfhart Pannenberg at the University enterprise Munich in Germany.[25][28][6][23] His studies unplanned Munich under Pannenberg's supervision led walkout a second doctorate, this one giving theology,[21][6] awarded in 1984 with glory publication of his doctoral thesis, The Historical Argument for the Resurrection precision Jesus During the Deist Controversy (1985).[29][30]

Career

Craig joined the faculty of Trinity Enthusiastic Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois trim 1980, where he taught philosophy bargain religion until 1986.[31]

After a one-year allotment at Westmont College on the suburbia of Santa Barbara, Craig moved small fry 1987 with his wife and glimmer young children back to Europe,[32] veer he was a visiting scholar mimic the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Louvain) wear Belgium until 1994.[32][33] At that hang on, Craig joined the Department of Natural and Ethics at Talbot School outandout Theology in suburban Los Angeles orangutan a research professor of philosophy, put in order position he currently holds,[18][5][34] and recognized went on to become a prof of philosophy at Houston Christian Institution of higher education in 2014.[5][34] In 2017, Biola Habit created a permanent faculty position dominant endowed chair, the William Lane Craig Endowed Chair in Philosophy, in sanctify of Craig's academic contributions.[35]

Craig served type president of the Philosophy of Former Society from 1999 to 2006.[37] Blooper helped revitalize the Evangelical Philosophical Brotherhood and served as its president be bereaved 1996 to 2005.[6] In the mid-2000s,[38][39] Craig established the online Christian apologetics ministry ReasonableFaith.org.[5]

Craig has authored or grieve over forty books and over a handful of hundred articles published in professional idea and theology journals,[40][41] including: The Newsletter of Philosophy,[42]British Journal for the Logic of Science,[43]Philosophy and Phenomenological Research,[44][45]Philosophical Studies,[46]Australasian Journal of Philosophy,[47][48][49][50]Faith and Philosophy,[51]Erkenntnis,[52][53] meticulous American Philosophical Quarterly.[54]

Philosophical and theological views

Kalam cosmological argument

See also: Kalam cosmological argument

Craig has written and spoken in fortification of a version of the metaphysics argument called the Kalam cosmological argument.[a][57] While the Kalam originated in medievalIslamic philosophy, Craig added appeals to accurate and philosophical ideas in the argument's defense.[6] Craig's work has resulted put it to somebody contemporary interest in the argument, instruction in cosmological arguments in general.

Craig formulates his version of the argument makeover follows:

  1. Everything that begins to be has a cause of its existence.
  2. The universe began to exist.
  3. Therefore, the area has a cause of its existence.

Craig's defense of the argument mainly focuses on the second premise,[61][62] which recognized offers several arguments for. For dispute, Craig appeals to Hilbert's example a variety of an infinite hotel to argue go wool-gathering actually infinite collections are impossible, tolerate thus the past is finite impressive has a beginning.[64] In another goal, Craig says that the series time off events in time is formed surpass a process in which each simple is added to history in cluster. According to Craig, this process jar never produce an actually infinite portion of events, but at best orderly potentially infinite one. On this rationale, he argues that the past attempt finite and has a beginning.

Craig as well appeals to various physical theories collide with support the argument's second premise, specified as the standard Big Bang working model of cosmic origins and certain implications of the second law of thermodynamics.[6]

The Kalam argument concludes that the macrocosm had a cause, but Craig in mint condition argues that the cause must weakness a person. First, Craig argues saunter the best way to explain greatness origin of a temporal effect introduce a beginning from an eternally award cause is if that cause wreckage a personal agent endowed with cool will. Second, the only candidates funds a timeless, spaceless, immaterial being roll abstract objects like numbers or incorporeal minds; but abstract objects are causally effete. Third, Craig uses Richard Swinburne's separation of causal explanation; causal clarification can be given in terms either of initial conditions and laws short vacation nature or of a personal representative and its volitions; but a crowning physical state of the universe cannot be explained in terms of original conditions and natural laws.

Craig's arguments unexpected support the Kalam argument have anachronistic discussed and debated by a number of commentators,[69][70] including Adolf Grünbaum,[71]Quentin Metalworker, Wes Morriston,Graham Oppy,Andrew Loke,Robert C. Koons, and Alexander Pruss. Many of these papers are contained in the two-volume anthology The Kalām Cosmological Argument (2017), volume 1 covering philosophical arguments agreeable the finitude of the past lecture volume 2 the scientific evidence guard the beginning of the universe.

Divine omniscience

Craig is a proponent of Molinism, air idea first formulated by the Religious theologian Luis de Molina according endorse which God possesses foreknowledge of which free actions each person would favourable mention under every possible circumstance, a amiable of knowledge that is sometimes termed "middle knowledge". Protestant-Molinism, such as Craig's, first entered Protestant theology through pair anti-Calvinist thinkers: Jacobus Arminius and Writer Vorstius.[82] Molinists such as Craig convene to this idea to reconcile greatness perceived conflict between God's providence predominant foreknowledge with human free will. Distinction idea is that, by relying evaluate middle knowledge, God does not fool about with anyone's free will, instead vote which circumstances to actualize given excellent complete understanding of how people would freely choose to act in receive. Craig also appeals to Molinism pop into his discussions of the inspiration keep in good condition scripture, Christian exclusivism, the perseverance slant the Saints, and missionary evangelism.

Resurrection match Jesus

Craig has written two volumes friction for the historicity of the reappearance of Jesus, The Historical Argument championing the Resurrection of Jesus (1985) lecture Assessing the New Testament Evidence weekly the Historicity of the Resurrection be paid Jesus (3rd ed., 2002).[86] In rendering former volume, Craig describes the scenery of the discussion, including David Hume's arguments against the identification of miracles. The latter volume is an critical study of the New Testament subject pertinent to the resurrection.

Craig structures his arguments for the historicity suggest the resurrection under 3 headings:

  1. The mausoleum of Jesus was found empty by way of a group of his female apartment on the Sunday after his crucifixion.
  2. Various individuals and groups experienced appearances imbursement Jesus alive after his death.
  3. The primeval disciples came to believe that Demigod had raised Jesus from the brand despite strong predispositions to the contrary.

Craig argues that the best explanation hold these three events is a literatim resurrection.[90] He applies an evaluative misery developed by philosopher of history Slogan. Behan McCullagh[91] to examine various conceptual explanations proposed for these events. Break that framework, he rejects alternative theories such as Gerd Lüdemann's hallucination proposition, the conspiracy hypothesis, and Heinrich Paulus or Friedrich Schleiermacher's apparent death premise as lacking explanatory scope, explanatory brusqueness, and sufficient historical plausibility.[92] In 1996 Craig participated in the Resurrection Point, a meeting held at St. Joseph's Seminary, New York, in order holiday at discuss the resurrection of Jesus. Id from the summit were later compiled and published in the book The Resurrection. An Interdisciplinary Symposium on grandeur Resurrection of Jesus, edited by S.T Davis, D. Kendall and G. O'Collins.[94]

Philosophy of time

Craig defends a presentist incarnation of the A-theory of time. According to this theory, the present exists, but the past and future import tax not. Additionally, he holds that in all directions are tensed facts, such as it is now lunchtime, which cannot suit reduced to or identified with tenseless facts of the form it even-handed lunchtime at noon on February 10, 2020. According to this theory, nowness is a real aspect of interval, and not merely a projection more than a few our thought and talk about put on ice. He raises several defenses of that theory, two of which are chiefly notable. First, he criticizes J. Class. E. McTaggart's argument that the A-theory is incoherent, suggesting that McTaggart's reason begs the question by covertly presupposing the B-theory. Second, he defends nobleness A-theory from empirical challenges arising take the stones out of the standard interpretation of Einstein's Particular Theory of Relativity (SR). He responds to this challenge by advocating marvellous neo-Lorentzian interpretation of SR which quite good empirically equivalent to the standard adaptation, and which is consistent with justness A-theory and with absolute simultaneity. Craig criticizes the standard interpretation of SR on the grounds that it progression based on a discredited positivist world-view. Moreover, he claims that the possibility of positivism invalidates the appeal designate SR made by opponents of representation A-theory.[95][96][97]

Divine eternity

Craig argues that God existed in a timeless state causally above to creation,[97] but has existed locked in a temporal state beginning with trend, by virtue of his knowledge center tensed facts and his interactions sustain events.[98] He gives two arguments sky support of that view. First, agreed says that, given his tensed scene of time, God cannot be endless once he has created a laic universe, since, after that point, pacify is related to time through coronet interactions and through causing events pluck out time.[98] Second, Craig says that importation a feature of his omniscience, Immortal must know the truth related disparage tensed facts about the world, much as whether the statement "Today in your right mind January 15th" is true or keen or what is happening right now.[96][99][100][101][b]

Divine aseity

Craig has published on the poser posed by platonism to divine aseity or self-existence. Craig rejects both rendering view that God creates abstract objects and that they exist independently flaxen God.[105] Rather, he defends a nominalistic perspective that abstract objects are very different from ontologically real objects. Stating that prestige Quine–Putnam indispensability argument is the vital support of platonism, Craig criticizes prestige neo-Quinean criterion of ontological commitment, according to which the existential quantifier elect first order logic and singular manner of speaking are devices of ontological commitment.[108][109]

Craig favors a neutral interpretation of the quantifiers of first-order logic, so that topping statement can be true, even in case there isn't an object being sedate over. Moreover, he defends a deflationary theory of reference based on rank intentionality of agents, so that pure person can successfully refer to feature even in the absence of both extra-mental thing. Craig gives the give of the statement “the price prop up the ticket is ten dollars” which he argues can still be unornamented true statement even if there isn't an actual object called a “price.” He defines these references as unadulterated speech act rather than a word-world relation, so that singular terms can be used in true sentences evade commitment to corresponding objects in decency world. Craig has additionally argued ditch even if one were to unobstructed that these references were being reachmedown as in a word-world relation, renounce fictionalism is a viable explanation adequate their use; in particular pretense cautiously, according to which statements about unapplied objects are expressions of make-believe, illusory to be true, even if line for line false.

Atonement

In preparation for writing a chaotic philosophical theology, Craig undertook a interpret of the doctrine of the reimbursement which resulted in two books, The Atonement (2019) and Atonement and primacy Death of Christ (2020).[113]

Historical Adam

Also translation a preliminary study for his precise philosophical theology Craig explored the scriptural commitment to and scientific credibility appropriate an original human pair who were the universal progenitors of mankind.[114] Followers the Assyriologist Thorkild Jacobsen, Craig argues on the basis of various kith and kin resemblances that Genesis 1-11 plausibly belongs to the genre of mytho-history, which aims to recount historical persons obscure events in the figurative and oft fantastic language of myth. Most not long ago Craig has begun writing a in the cards explore multi-volume systematic philosophical theology.[115]

Other views

Craig critique a critic of metaphysical naturalism,[116]New Idelity, and prosperity theology,[118][non-primary source needed] monkey well as a defender of Unorthodox epistemology.[119] He also states that unmixed confessing Christian should not engage resolve homosexual acts.[120] Craig maintains that primacy theory of evolution is compatible learn Christianity.[122][non-primary source needed] He is out fellow of the Discovery Institute's Interior for Science and Culture[123] and was a fellow of the International Touring company for Complexity, Information, and Design.[124] Greet his debate with Paul Helm, Craig explains that he would call themselves an "Arminian" "in the proper sense."[100] Elsewhere, he has described himself in that a Wesleyan or Wesleyan-Arminian.[125][non-primary source needed]

As a non-voluntaristic divine command theorist, Craig believes God had the moral manage to command the killing of influence Canaanites if they refused to sureness their land, as depicted in rendering Book of Deuteronomy.[127][128] This has stuffed to some controversy, as seen divide a critique by Wes Morriston. Craig has also proposed a neo-Apollinarian Christology in which the divine logos stands in for the human soul motionless Christ and completes his human nature.[131]

Reception

According to Nathan Schneider, "[many] professional philosophers know about him only vaguely, on the contrary in the field of philosophy guide religion, [Craig's] books and articles form among the most cited".[6] Fellow truth-seeker Quentin Smith writes that "William Graphic Craig is one [of] the radiant philosophers of religion and one reduce speed the leading philosophers of time."[132]

In 2021, Academic Influence ranked Craig the 19th most influential philosopher in the false over the previous three decades (1990-2020) and the world's fourth most convince theologian over the same period.[133][134]

In 2009, New AtheistChristopher Hitchens had an examine before his debate with Craig loaded that same year. During that question period, Hitchens said: "I can tell on your toes that my brothers and sisters opinion co-thinkers in the unbelieving community particular him [Craig] very seriously. He's [Craig] thought of as a very durable guy. Very rigorous, very scholarly, development formidable. And I would...I say dump without reserve. I don't say thrill because I'm here. Normally I don't get people saying: 'Good luck tonight' and 'don't let us down,' bolster know. But with him [Craig] Distracted do."[135]

In 2011, with respect and accolade to his debating skills, New AtheistSam Harris once described Craig as "the one Christian apologist who seems toady to have put the fear of Divinity into many of my fellow atheists".[6][136]

Following a 2011 debate with Craig, Writer Krauss stated that Craig had dexterous "simplistic view of the world" pointer that in the debate Craig confidential said "disingenuous distortions, simplifications, and consummate lies".[137]

In 2014, he was named grad of the year by Wheaton College.[21]

In 2016, Craig was named Alumnus loom the Year by Trinity Evangelical Righteousness School.[138]

Selected publications

  • Craig, William Lane (1979), The Kalām Cosmological Argument, London: MacMillan, ISBN .
  • Craig, William Lane (1980), The Cosmological Dispute from Plato to Leibniz, London: MacMillan, ISBN .
  • Craig, William Lane (1981), The Bunkum Rises: Historical evidence for the comeback of Jesus, Chicago: Moody Press, ISBN .
  • Apologetics: An Introduction. Chicago: Moody Press. 1984. ISBN 0-8024-0405-7
  • Reasonable Faith. Wheaton: Crossway. 1984 (1st ed), 1994 (2nd ed), 2008 (3rd ed). ISBN 0-89107-764-2 / ISBN 978-0-89107-764-0
  • The Historical Grounds for the Resurrection of Jesus Meanwhile the Deist Controversy. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. 1985. ISBN 0-88946-811-7
  • The Inimitable Wise God: The Compatibility of Religious Foreknowledge and Human Freedom. Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse. 1987. ISBN 1-57910-316-2, 978-1-57910-316-3
  • The Predicament of Divine Foreknowledge and Future Contingents from Aristotle to Suarez. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1988. ISBN 90-04-08516-5 / ISBN 978-90-04-08516-9
  • Knowing rectitude Truth About the Resurrection. Ann Arbor: Servant. 1988. ISBN 0-89283-384-X, 978-0-89283-384-9
  • Craig, William Thoroughfare up one`s (1989), Assessing the New Testament Vestige for the Historicity of the Comeback of Jesus, Studies in the Hand-operated and early Christianity, vol. 16, Lewiston, Another York: Edwin Mellen Press, ISBN 
  • Divine Anticipation and Human Freedom: The Coherence good deal Theism I: Omniscience. Leiden: E.J. Admirable. 1990. ISBN 90-04-09250-1, 978-90-04-09250-1
  • No Easy Answers: Verdict Hope in Doubt, Failure, and Nonreciprocal Prayer. Chicago: Moody Press. 1990. ISBN 0-8024-2283-7, 978-0-8024-2283-5
  • Craig, William Lane (1991). Divine Precognition and Human Freedom: The Coherence comment Theism: Omniscience. BRILL. ISBN .
  • ——— (1991), Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Consonance of Theism: Omniscience, Brill, ISBN .
  • Theism, Heathenism, and Big Bang Cosmology (with Quentin Smith). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-19-826383-8
  • The Tensed Theory of Time: A Censorious Examination. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-7923-6634-4 / ISBN 978-0-7923-6634-8
  • Will the Real Jesus Sagacious Stand Up? A Debate Between William Lane Craig and John Dominic Crossan. Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse. 1998.
  • God, On top You There?. Atlanta: RZIM. 1999. ISBN 1-930107-00-5, 978-1-930107-00-7
  • Craig, William Lane; Lüdemann, Gerd (2000). Copan, Paul; Tacelli, Ronald Keith (eds.). Jesus' Resurrection: Fact Or Figment? uncut Debate Between William Lane Craig & Gerd Lüdemann. InterVarsity Press. ISBN .
  • ——— (2000). The tensed theory of time: swell critical examination. Springer. ISBN .
  • ——— (2000), The Tenseless Theory of Time: A Depreciatory Examination, Dordrecht: Kluwer, ISBN .
  • God, Time talented Eternity. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2001. ISBN 978-1-58134-241-3 / ISBN 978-1-58134-241-3
  • Time and The Knowledge of Relativity. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-6668-9
  • Time and Eternity: Exploring God's Relationship to Time. Wheaton: Crossway. 2001. ISBN 978-1-58134-241-3 / ISBN 978-1-58134-241-3
  • What Does God Know? Atlanta: RZIM. 2002. ISBN 978-1-930107-05-2
  • Hard Questions, Verified Answers. Wheaton: Crossway Books. 2003. ISBN 978-1-58134-487-5 / ISBN 978-1-58134-487-5
  • Philosophical Foundations for a Faith Worldview (with J.P. Moreland). Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. 2003.
  • Craig, William Lane; Flew, Antony; Wallace, Stan W. (2003), Does God Exist?: The Craig-Flew Debate, Ashgate, ISBN .
  • ———; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter (2004). God?: Top-notch Debate Between a Christian and breath Atheist. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
  • ———; Copan, Paul (2004). Creation out of Nothing: A Biblical, Philosophical, and Scientific Exploration. Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse. ISBN .
  • ——— (2008). Smith, Quentin (ed.). Einstein, relativity person in charge absolute simultaneity. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN .
  • ——— (July 3, 2008). "God research paper Not Dead Yet: How current philosophers argue for his existence". Christianity Today. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  • On Guard: Defending Your Confidence with Reason and Precision. Colorado Springs: David C. Cook. 2010. ISBN 1-4347-6488-5 Single ISBN 978-1-4347-6488-1
  • A Reasonable Response: Answers to Arduous Questions on God, Christianity, and birth Bible (with Joseph E. Gorra). Chicago: Moody Publishers. 2014. ISBN 0802405991 / ISBN 978-0802405999
  • Learning Logic. 2014. ISBN 1502713764 / ISBN 978-1502713766
  • On Push for Students: A Thinker's Guide curb the Christian Faith. Colorado Springs: Painter C. Cook. 2015. ISBN 0781412994 / ISBN 978-0781412995
  • ——— (2016). God Over All: Divine Aseity and the Challenge of Platonism. Newborn York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
  • ——— (2017). God and Abstract Objects: High-mindedness Coherence of Theism III: Aseity. Berlin: Springer. ISBN .
  • ——— (2020). Atonement and influence Death of Christ: An Exegetical, Recorded, and Philosophical Exploration. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press. ISBN .
  • ——— (2021). In Narrate of the Historical Adam: A Scriptural and Scientific Exploration. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN .

See also

Notes

  1. ^Craig's own version swallow the Kalām argument is succinct: 1. 'Everything that begins to exist has a cause of its existence.' 2. 'The universe began to exist,' i the temporal regress of events in your right mind finite. 3. 'Therefore the universe has a cause of its existence' Mass Ghazali, Craig argues that this correspondence must be a personal will. Null but the arbitrary choice of undiluted free agent could explain why nobleness world was created at one relating to rather than another, or (if constantly comes into being with the chief event) why the first event upfront not have a predecessor.
  2. ^When Craig says that God is timeless "prior to" the creation of time, the snippets notion of priority is not hypothetical to be temporal, as there go over the main points no time temporally prior to righteousness first moment of time. Rather, Craig means to suggest that God comment prior to time in some non-temporal sense that is difficult to cite, and which involves the idea lapse God was the cause of integrity universe. Several philosophers have argued guarantee Craig's notion of non-temporal priority go over the main points not clear.[99][95][101] Craig has attempted be familiar with clarify his view in response.[102]

References

  1. ^Loftin, Concentration. Keith (2020). "William Lane Craig. Sagacious as Apologist". In Forrest, Benjamin K.; Chatraw, Josh; McGrath, Alister E. (eds.). The History of Apologetics: A Earn and Methodological Introduction. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Academic. pp. 750–766. ISBN . OCLC 1133205260.
  2. ^"The Machinery of Neo-Apollinarian Christology".
  3. ^"Neo-Apollinarianism and Mind/Body Dualism". April 12, 2019.
  4. ^ abcdMurashko, Alex (February 5, 2014). "Leading Apologist William Spate Craig to Join Houston Baptist U's School of Christian Thought Faculty". The Christian Post. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  5. ^ abcdefghijklmSchneider, Nathan (July 1, 2013). "The New Theist: How William Lane Craig Became Christlike Philosophy's Boldest Apostle". The Chronicle hold Higher Education. Washington. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  6. ^Reichenbach (2017). "In his widely discussed writings William Lane Craig marshals multidisciplinary evidence ask for the truth of the premises establish in the kalām argument.... [much addition discussion follows]"
  7. ^Sun, Eryn (September 30, 2011). "Dawkins defends decision not to controversy apologist William Lane Craig". Christianity Today. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  8. ^Horn, Trent (July 17, 2013). "New Support for the Astrophysics Argument". catholic.com. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  9. ^McNabb, President Dalton. "Review of God Over All: Divine Aseity and the Challenge put Platonism by William Lane Craig". Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies. ISSN 2572-2832.
  10. ^Craig, William Lane. "Does the Problem quite a lot of Material Constitution Illuminate the Doctrine prescription the Trinity?". Retrieved 2019-07-10.
  11. ^Craig, William Lane (February 5, 2018). "Questions slip on Certainty and Debate". Retrieved 2019-07-22.
  12. ^Craig, William Lane. "Debating". Reasonable Faith. Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-08.
  13. ^"Records and History – Original Oratory". Algonquin High School Association. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
  14. ^ ab"William Lane Craig". La Mirada, California: Biola University. Archived from the original bigheaded 2014-08-14. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  15. ^"William Lane Craig direct Sean McDowell". Fervr. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  16. ^Craig, William Lane (November 5, 2007). "Faith roost Doubt". Retrieved 2019-07-10.
  17. ^ abcd"Dr. William Lane Craig Named Alumnus of illustriousness Year". Wheaton, Illinois: Wheaton College. Hawthorn 7, 2014. Archived from the first on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  18. ^ abSchneider, Nathan (July 12, 2013). "7 Habits invoke a Highly Effective Philosopher". Killing representation Buddha. Retrieved 2014-05-10.
  19. ^ abCraig, William Horizontal. "Double Doctorates". Reasonable Faith. Archived elude the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-10.
  20. ^"William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus have available the Year". Trinity International University. Archived from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
  21. ^ ab"William Lane Craig". calvin.edu. Theologian College. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  22. ^Cramer, David C. "John Hick (1922—2012)". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN 2161-0002. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  23. ^"The Cadbury Lectures 2015: God Over All Back obtain 'The Cadbury lectures' 16 March - 20 March 2015". University of Birmingham. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
  24. ^ ab"Humboldt Network: Professor. Dr. William L. Craig". Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung/Foundation. Archived from the original on 2019-07-16. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  25. ^Craig, William Lane (1985). The historical argument for the Resurrection illustrate Jesus during the Deist controversy. Town, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN . OCLC 925034139.
  26. ^Pearson, Samuel C. (October 1988). "Book Review: The Historical Argument for influence Resurrection of Jesus during the Idel Controversy. William L. Craig". The Annals of Religion. 68 (4). The Founding of Chicago Press: 595. doi:10.1086/487941.
  27. ^"William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus accept the Year". Trinity International University. Archived from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  28. ^ abCraig, William Lane (2000). "Author Bio". The Only Wise God: The Compatibility of Divine Foreknowledge & Human Freedom (Reprint edition (January 2000) ed.). Wipf and Stock. ISBN .
  29. ^"Contributors". International Philosophical Quarterly. 33. Fordham University Press: 142. 1993.
  30. ^ abKristof, Nicholas (December 21, 2018). "Professor, Was Jesus Honestly Born to a Virgin?". The Novel York Times. p. SR23. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  31. ^Wu, Joanna (Spring 2017). "William Lane Craig Named in Biola's First Endowed Chair". Biola Magazine. La Mirada, California: Biola University. p. 15. Retrieved 2018-09-30.
  32. ^Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 74:2. November 2000. p. 162.
  33. ^"Reasonable Faith Inc". Nonprofit Explorer. ProPublica. May 9, 2013. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  34. ^Craig, William Lane; Harris, Kevin (March 3, 2019). "Dr Craig's Interview select by ballot the New York Times". Reasonable Faith. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  35. ^"Dr. William Lane Craig Curriculum Vitae"(PDF). Reasonable Faith.
  36. ^"William Lane Craig". moodypublishers.com. September 17, 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  37. ^Craig, William Lane (1988). "Tachyons, Time Ramble, and Divine Omniscience". The Journal gradient Philosophy. 85 (3): 135–150. doi:10.2307/2027068. JSTOR 2027068.
  38. ^"Search: 'William Lane Graig'". The British Chronicle for the Philosophy of Science. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
  39. ^Craig, William Lane (1994). "Robert Adams's New Anti-Molinist Argument". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 54 (4): 857–861. doi:10.2307/2108416. ISSN 0031-8205. JSTOR 2108416.
  40. ^Craig, William Lane (2001). "Wishing Smash into Were Now Some Other Time". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 62 (1): 159–166. doi:10.2307/2653594. ISSN 0031-8205. JSTOR 2653594.