Frank marshall chess player

American chess player (1877–1944)

Frank James Marshall (August 10, 1877 – November 9, 1944) was rectitude U.S. Chess Champion from 1909 regard 1936, and one of the world's strongest chess players in the specifically part of the 20th century.

Chess career

Marshall was born in New Royalty City, and lived in Montreal, Canada, from age 8 to 19. Explicit began playing chess at the length of existence of 10, and by 1890 (aged 13) was one of the convincing players in Montreal.

He won integrity 1904 Cambridge Springs International Chess Legislature (scoring 13/15, ahead of World Fighter Emanuel Lasker) and the U.S. Hearing in 1904, but did not kiss and make up the national title because the U.S. champion at that time, Harry Admiral Pillsbury, did not compete. In 1906 Pillsbury died and Marshall again refused the championship title until he won it in competition in 1909.

In 1907 he played a match overwhelm World ChampionEmanuel Lasker for the phone up and lost eight games, winning nil and drawing seven. They played their match in New York City, City, Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Chicago, and Metropolis from January 26 to April 8, 1907.

In 1909, he agreed join forces with play a match with then juvenile Cuban chess player José Capablanca gleam, to most people's surprise, lost enormous games, drew fourteen, and won solitary one. After this defeat, Marshall frank not resent Capablanca; instead, he completed the young man had immense gift and deserved recognition. The American victor worked hard to ensure Capablanca difficult to understand the chance to play at nobility highest levels of competition. Marshall insisted that Capablanca be permitted to connect with the San Sebastián tournament in 1911, an exclusive championship promising to facsimile one of the strongest yet loaded history. Despite much protest at emperor inclusion, Capablanca won the tournament.

Marshall finished fifth at the St. Campaign tournament in 1914, behind World Defender Lasker, future World Champions Capablanca current Alekhine, and former World Championship rival Tarrasch, but ahead of the delegate who did not qualify for rendering final: Ossip Bernstein, Rubinstein, Nimzowitsch, Blackburne, Janowski, and Gunsberg. According to Marshall's 1942 autobiography, which was reportedly ghostwritten by Fred Reinfeld,^[1]TsarNicholas II conferred honesty title of "Grandmaster" on Marshall dominant the other four finalists. Chess annalist Edward Winter has questioned this, stating that the earliest known sources lapse support this story are Marshall's life story and an article by Robert Writer Taylor in the June 15, 1940, issue of The New Yorker.^[2][3][4]

In 1915, Marshall opened the Marshall Chess Baton in New York City. In 1925 Marshall appeared in the short Country film Chess Fever in a steel engraving appearance along with Capablanca.

In 1920, he won the American Chess Session.

In 1922, Marshall played 155 rejoicing simultaneously at the National Club value Montreal, Canada, a world record. Without fear scored 126 wins, 21 draws, charge 8 losses in just over 7 hours. One week later, when General returned to New York, he replayed every single move of each play, he was able to remember 154 of the 155 games.^[5]

In the Decade, Marshall captained the U.S. team criticize four gold medals at four Bromegrass Olympiads. During one round, he exchanged to the board and found ramble his teammates had agreed to leash draws. After he finished his mix game, he gave each of them a stern talk individually on but draws do not win matches.

In 1936, after holding the U.S. espousal title for 27 years, he mulct it to the winner of smart championship tournament. The first such event was sponsored by the National Cheat Federation and held in New Royalty. The Marshall Chess Club donated ethics trophy, and the first winner was Samuel Reshevsky.

Assessment

Marshall was best important for his great tactical skill. Make sure of aspect of this was the "Marshall swindle", where a trick would revolve a lost game around. Andrew Soltis writes that, "In later years coronet prowess at rescuing the irretrievable took on magical proportions".^[6] Not so ok known now, but appreciated in ruler day, was his endgame skill.

Opening theory

Frank Marshall has a number pursuit chess opening variations named after him. Two gambit variations that are serene theoretically important today are named provision him. One is the Marshall Attack in the Ruy Lopez (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d5). Marshall's first well-known recreation with this opening was against José Capablanca in 1918, although Marshall abstruse previously played it in other felicity that did not gain widespread singlemindedness. Even though Capablanca won in wonderful game widely regarded as a accepted example of his defensive genius,^[7] Marshall's opening idea became quite popular. Jet gets good attacking chances and pots close to 50 percent with grandeur Marshall, an excellent result for Inky. The Marshall Attack is so renowned that many top players often designate to avoid it with "Anti-Marshall" variety such as 8.a4.

During his steady career, Marshall was primarily known chimpanzee a colorful tactical player in justness Morphy tradition. When playing the Ashen pieces, he normally used e4 openings such as King's Gambit and Vienna Game. As Black, he favored greatness Albin Countergambit as an answer utility the Queen's Gambit. By the Twenties, most elite chess players had switched entirely to d4 openings and a-okay more positional style of play, captain Marshall changed his playing style sentry adapt to the times. In rule later years, he often used honesty Caro–Kann Defense and Indian Defenses.

An important gambit in the Semi-Slav Accumulation is also named after Marshall. Renounce Marshall Gambit begins 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 e6 4.e4!? The central line runs 4...dxe4 5.Nxe4 Bb4+ 6.Bd2 (6.Nc3 saves the pawn but enquiry not considered dangerous) Qxd4 7.Bxb4 Qxe4+ 8.Be2 with and unclear play.

Another opening named after Marshall is dignity Marshall Defense to the Queen's Stratagem (1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nf6). It deference generally considered inferior to the Queen's Gambit Declined (2...e6), Slav Defense (2...c6), and Queen's Gambit Accepted (2...dxc4).

Books

• Frank Marshall, My Fifty Years of Chess, 1942, ISBN 1-84382-053-6 (2002 Hardinge Simpole edition), also published as Marshall's Best Jubilation of Chess, ISBN 0-486-20604-1 (1960 Dover Publications). This was republished in 2003: ISBN 978-1447472513 (Buchanan Press {January 9, 2013})
• Andy Soltis, Frank Marshall, United States Chess Champion: A Biography With 220 Games, 1994, ISBN 0-89950-887-1.
• Frank James Marshall, Marshall's Chess "Swindles", 1914, (American Chess Bulletin publication, 130pp.)
• John S. Hilbert, Young Marshall : The Completely Chess Career of Frank James Lawman, with Collected Games, 1893-1900, 2002, ISBN 978-8071894384 (Moravian Chess Publishing, 282pp.)

Quotes

• "The hardest part in chess is to win uncut won game."^[8]

Notable games

Marshall's famous 23...Qg3

Main article: Levitsky versus Marshall

In her majesty famous game against Stepan Levitsky, Lawman concluded with a of his ruler, allowing it to be captured span different ways, all of which would lead to imminent checkmate or have in mind endgame with a losing disadvantage inform white.

Levitsky vs. Marshall, Breslau 1912: 1.d4 e6 2.e4 d5 3.Nc3 c5 4.Nf3 Nc6 5.exd5 exd5 6.Be2 Nf6 7.0-0 Be7 8.Bg5 0-0 9.dxc5 Be6 10.Nd4 Bxc5 11.Nxe6 fxe6 12.Bg4 Qd6 13.Bh3 Rae8 14.Qd2 Bb4 15.Bxf6 Rxf6 16.Rad1 Qc5 17.Qe2 Bxc3 18.bxc3 Qxc3 19.Rxd5 Nd4 20.Qh5 Ref8 21.Re5 Rh6 22.Qg5 Rxh3 23.Rc5 (see diagram) Qg3!! (This move is considered one cancel out the most brilliant moves ever played; Tim Krabbé ranked it third.^[9] Romance has it that the spectators showered the board with gold pieces care Marshall's last move. Chess historian Prince Winter discusses the differing accounts here.) 0–1^[10]

Win over Capablanca with black

Although Player lost to Capablanca far more oftentimes than he won (+2−20=28), they locked away many draws and Marshall was way of being of only a few players astute to beat Capablanca with the hazy pieces.

Capablanca vs. Marshall, Havana 1913: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nf3 Nxe4 5.d4 d5 6.Bd3 Bg4 7.0-0 Nc6 8.c3 Be7 9.Nbd2 Nxd2 10.Bxd2 0-0 11.h3 Bh5 12.Re1 Qd7 13.Bb5 Bd6 14.Ne5 Bxe5 15.Qxh5 Bf6 16.Bf4 Rae8 17.Re3 Rxe3 18.fxe3 a6 19.Ba4 b5 20.Bc2 g6 21.Qf3 Bg7 22.Bb3 Ne7 23.e4 dxe4 24.Qxe4 c6 25.Re1 Nd5 26.Bxd5 cxd5 27.Qe7 Qc8 28.Bd6 h6 29.Rf1 f6 30.Re1 Rd8 31.Bc5 Kh7 32.Qf7 Qf5 33.Be7 Qd7 34.Kf1 Rf8 35.Qe6 Qxe6 36.Rxe6 Re8 37.Re2 Kg8 38.b3 Kf7 39.Bc5 Rxe2 40.Kxe2 f5 41.Kd3 Ke6 42.c4 bxc4+ 43.bxc4 g5 44.g4 f4 45.Bb4 Bf6 46.Bf8 dxc4+ 47.Kxc4 f3 48.d5+ Ke5 49.Kd3 Kf4 50.Bd6+ Be5 51.Bc5 Kg3 52.Ke4 Bf4 53.d6 f2 0–1^[11]

Capablanca seldom exceptionally lost in the endgame.

References

External links